Point defects and clusters in the HCP metals: their role in the dose transition. Irradiation growth in zirconium growth in zirconium and its alloys. Irradiation creep and growth of zirconium alloys: a critical review. Nucleation and growth of c-component loops. Interfaces reduce dislocation loop formation in irradiated nanolayered Zr-2.5Nb. In situ study of defect accumulation in zirconium under heavy ion irradiation. Effect of proton and Ne irradiation on the microstructure of Zircaloy 4. Zu XT, Sun K, Atzmon M, Wang LM, You LP, Wan FR, Busby JT, Was GS, Adamson RB. A study of electron irradiation damage in zirconium using a HVEM. The characterization of dislocation loops in neutron irradiated zirconium. The nature of dislocation loops in neytron irradiated zirconium. Anisotropic distribution of dislocation loops in HVEM-irradiated Zr. The effect of irradiation temperature on damage structures in proton-irradiated zirconium alloys. Topping M, Harte A, Ungár T, Race CP, Dumbill S, Frankel P, Preuss M. Microstructural evolution and hardening effect in low-dose self-ion irradiated Zr–Nb alloys. Yang HL, Kano S, McGrady J, Chen DY, Murakami K, Abe H. Dislocation loop generation and irradiation growth in a zirconium single crystal. Northwood DO, Fidleris V, Gilbert RW, Carpenter GJC. Two-dimensional vacancy platelets as precursors for basal dislocation loops in hexagonal zirconium. Characterization of small perfect dislocation loops by transmission electron microscopy. Dislocation loops in irradiated zirconium. The methods introduced here are easy to follow and extend into other related investigations. With increasing the irradiation damage from 0.5 to 1.5 dpa, the number density of \(\left\langle a \right\rangle\) loops keeps constant, while the number density of TVPs increased significantly, owing to the anisotropic diffusion and accumulation of point defects within basal plane. In addition, a large number of triangle-shaped vacancy platelets (TVPs) were formed on the basal plane. \(\left\langle c \right\rangle\) loops have a line contrast under viewing direction of a-axis and a circular shape under viewing direction of c-axis. The size of \(\left\langle a \right\rangle\) loops is measured by tilting the sample to an edge-on position and the loop number is counted under a weak-beam dark-field TEM condition. The habit plane of dislocation loops is determined by tilting the sample to multiple zone axes and judged based on the projected loop shape. Vacancy or interstitial nature of dislocation loops is determined using the inside and outside contrast method. Here, we describe a practical method to characterize the dislocation loops in irradiated Zr using conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To mitigate irradiation damage, reduce irradiation growth and tune mechanical properties in Zr alloys. Characterization of irradiation defects is of great importance
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